Graphite Exfoliation using MnO2 Paste via Sonication in Irradiated Water for Volumetric-Shrinkage Resistant Sponge

Graphite exfoliation has been the main mechanism to produce graphene material and its derivatives, such as oxide (GO) reduced GO (rGO). This study was aimed exfoliate graphite using MnO2 paste in Zinc-Carbon (ZnC) battery wastes via audio sonication X-ray irradiated water. The exfoliated (EG) sample then characterized UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM. EG utilized an additive for producing sponge with heat-induced volumetric-shrinkage resistance property. water obtained by exposing radiation upon distilled K2MnO4 were mixed followed accompanied stirring heating. from added KOH. results showed a shouldering peak at 271 nm indicating that succesfully exfoliated. test presence of hydroxyl, C-O, CO2, N-O, C=C functional groups. XRD 12° similar GO. SEM images layers flakes. threshold temperature values sponge, (sponge+EG), (sponge+graphite) 399.20, 271.03, 414.82 °C, respectively. sponge+EG underwent less volume shrinkage compared ordinary sponge+graphite, which confirms resistant heating.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 We have ZnC water
 characterization shows nm. diffractogram amorphous material. Finally, image flakes
 is used volume-shrinkage graphite
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT